How to Survive a Tsunami

Understanding What a Tsunami Is

A tsunami is a series of large ocean waves caused primarily by underwater earthquakes, but they can also be triggered by volcanic eruptions, underwater landslides, or even a meteorite crash. These waves can travel up to 500 miles per hour (yes, faster than a jet airplane) and grow in size as they approach shallow waters near the coast.

While tsunamis are relatively rare, they can cause catastrophic damage to coastal areas, destroying buildings, infrastructure, and lives in minutes. But here’s the thing—by the time the wave comes, you won’t have much time to think. This is why preparation is critical.

10 Quick Tips on Tsunami Survival

Here are ten quick tips to help you survive a tsunami. These essential actions will improve your chances of staying safe when disaster strikes.

1. Evacuate to higher ground immediately: Move at least 100 feet above sea level or as far inland as possible.
2. React quickly to an earthquake: If you feel shaking near the coast, head inland or to higher ground without delay.
3. Watch for natural warning signs: A sudden sea retreat or a loud ocean roar signals an incoming tsunami.
4. Avoid beaches and low-lying areas: After any warning or earthquake, steer clear of the shoreline.
5. Prepare an emergency kit: Keep water, food, a first aid kit, and a portable radio ready for evacuation.
6. Follow official warnings and alerts: Listen to local authorities and don’t return until they declare it safe.
7. Move on foot if roads are congested: If driving isn’t possible, walk or run to higher ground.
8. Stay inland after the first wave: Tsunamis can have multiple waves, so wait for the “all clear” before returning.
9. Know your evacuation routes in advance: Familiarize yourself with safe paths to higher ground and practice often.
10. Keep informed and be prepared: Sign up for local alerts and have a communication plan with family.

The Importance of Being Prepared for a Tsunami

No one ever wakes up and thinks, “Today, I might have to outrun a giant wave.” However, being prepared should be part of your lifestyle if you live near the ocean, especially in areas prone to earthquakes. Even if a tsunami isn’t on your radar today, understanding the risks and having a plan can make all the difference.

Start by checking whether your home, workplace, or school is in a tsunami hazard zone. This information is usually available on local government websites or through tsunami preparedness organizations. If you are in such a zone, take the time to map out evacuation routes. Know where the highest points in your area are and how long it takes to get there. You don’t want to figure this out while a wall of water is charging at you.

What to Include in Your Emergency Kit

Like any natural disaster, having an emergency kit can save your life after a tsunami. Your kit should include:

• Non-perishable food and bottled water (enough for at least 72 hours)
• A first aid kit with bandages, antiseptics, and necessary medications
• A flashlight and extra batteries
• A portable radio (preferably hand-cranked or battery-powered) to stay updated on emergency information
• A whistle to signal for help
• Waterproof matches and a multi-tool

Remember, you might not have time to grab a lot of stuff if a tsunami hits suddenly, so make sure your emergency kit is easily accessible and ready to go.

Recognizing Tsunami Warning Signs

Tsunamis don’t always come with a loudspeaker warning system. Sometimes, the natural world gives you hints. This is a red flag if you’re near the coast and feel the ground shaking. Earthquakes cause most tsunamis, so if the earth is trembling, the ocean could be next.

Another warning sign is if the sea suddenly recedes far more than usual. Picture it like the tide pulling back, but way more dramatic. The ocean seems to suck away from the shore, exposing parts of the beach that are usually underwater. This is often the ocean’s way of warning you that a massive wave is on its way. If you see this, don’t stand around gawking or taking photos for Instagram. Run—preferably to higher ground.

Finally, if you hear a loud, eerie roar coming from the ocean, it could be the sound of an approaching tsunami wave. This is no time to be curious. Move inland or to a higher elevation immediately.

What to Do During a Tsunami

When a tsunami is imminent, every second counts. You won’t have time to pack or even grab much. You need to move.

Evacuate Immediately

If a tsunami warning has been issued, or if you’ve recognized any natural warning signs, don’t hesitate. Evacuate immediately. Move to higher ground—ideally, at least 100 feet above sea level or as far inland as possible. If you’re in a car, drive away from the coast quickly but calmly. Do not, under any circumstances, stay in a building that is below sea level.

If you cannot evacuate to higher ground, find a sturdy building and get to the highest floor possible. Avoid basements, as they will likely flood quickly. If caught in the water, grab onto something that floats, like a piece of wood or a life raft.

Staying Safe After the Tsunami

Surviving the initial wave is just the first challenge. Tsunamis often come in multiple waves; the first might not be the largest. It’s common for people to think the danger has passed after the first wave and venture back toward the coast—this is a fatal mistake. Wait for local authorities’ official “all clear” before returning to lower ground.

Helping Others and Assessing Damage

Once it’s safe, you may find yourself in a position to help others. People could be injured or trapped under debris, and your first-aid knowledge will be crucial. Make sure you help others only if it’s safe for you.

Water supplies may be contaminated after a tsunami, so avoid drinking tap water unless authorities say it’s safe. Stick to bottled water from your emergency kit until the all-clear is given. Be aware of the risk of aftershocks, which can trigger additional tsunamis or cause further damage to already weakened buildings.

Staying Informed About Tsunami Risks

Being aware of the risks in your area is essential. The Pacific Ocean, for example, is one of the most tsunami-prone regions in the world due to the “Ring of Fire” — a hotspot for seismic activity. But tsunamis can occur anywhere with large bodies of water. Areas like Japan, Alaska, the Pacific Northwest, and even parts of the Mediterranean have all experienced tsunamis in the past.

Stay Connected and Informed

Always have a way to receive emergency alerts, whether it’s a weather radio, a mobile app, or government text messages. You might also want to sign up for local tsunami warnings and evacuation alerts. These warnings can give you precious minutes or even hours to evacuate safely.